FEBC International Archive

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Photo #10 - Photo Essay by Byrd Brunemeier June, 1959 -- Strictly illegal, but common in forested areas of the Philippines, "kaingin," or hand-hewn clearings. Byrd writes: "Landless people will burn the fallen trees and stumps, farm the land for survival, for two or three years until the soil is exhausted, and move on to another plot and do the same. The Bureau of Forestry has not yet found a way to prevent it."